GATE (TF) Textile 2021 Question Paper Solution | GATE/2021/TF/13

A flame retardant is a chemical compound that is added to or applied onto a material to reduce its flammability and slow down or stop the spread of fire. Flame retardants work by interrupting the combustion process and inhibiting the production of flammable gases.
Flame retardants are used in a wide range of products and applications, including textiles, plastics, electronics, construction materials, and furnishings. They are particularly important in materials that are prone to ignition or are used in environments where fire safety is critical.
There are many different types of flame retardants, including inorganic compounds like aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, halogenated compounds like brominated and chlorinated flame retardants, and phosphorus-based compounds. Each type of flame retardant works in a different way and has different advantages and disadvantages in terms of effectiveness, cost, environmental impact, and health risks.
While flame retardants can help to prevent fires and reduce their impact, some types of flame retardants have been associated with health and environmental concerns. For example, some halogenated flame retardants have been found to accumulate in the environment and in human and animal tissue, and may have adverse effects on health. As a result, there is ongoing research and development of safer and more sustainable flame retardant alternatives.

A crease-resist agent, also known as a wrinkle-resistant agent or anti-creasing agent, is a chemical compound that is applied to fabrics to reduce or eliminate wrinkles and creases. Crease-resist agents work by crosslinking or bonding the fibers in the fabric, which helps to maintain their shape and prevent creases from forming.
Crease-resist agents can be applied to fabrics using a variety of methods, including padding, spraying, or exhaust application. They can be used on a wide range of fabrics, including cotton, polyester, and blends, and can be combined with other finishes such as softeners, anti-static agents, and moisture management agents.
There are several types of crease-resist agents available, including formaldehyde-based agents, silicone-based agents, and resin-based agents. Formaldehyde-based agents were the first type of crease-resist agents developed and are still widely used today, but they have been associated with health and environmental concerns. Silicone-based agents are a newer type of crease-resist agent that have been developed as an alternative to formaldehyde-based agents, and are generally considered to be safer and more environmentally friendly. Resin-based agents are another type of crease-resist agent that can provide excellent wrinkle resistance, but may be less durable than other types of agents.
Crease-resist agents are particularly useful in clothing and home textiles, as they can reduce the need for ironing or pressing and help fabrics maintain their appearance and shape. However, it is important to note that crease-resist agents may not completely eliminate wrinkles, and may have some impact on the hand, or feel, of the fabric.